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Aviation has come a long way since the days
when safe operation between aircraft was based purely on the 'SEE AND BE SEEN'
principle.  With the aircraft closing speeds in excess of 1000 mph, and
increasing density of air traffic, the impracticability of reliance upon such a
system is obvious.
Hence the need for air traffic control service
has arisen. The need to safeguard passengers, crew and aircraft is now met by
ground based infrastructure, in which air traffic controllers issue mandatory
instructions to pilots. The aim of Air Traffic Control Service is to ensure a
safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.
Primary objective of Air Traffic Control is to prevent
collisions between aircraft.
In order to
achieve this objective, the Air Traffic Controller issues
clearances to provide safe separation between aircraft at any
given time. Internationally agreed standards and procedures are
followed to accommodate the aircraft movements in a safe and
orderly manner.
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